What is Asthma?
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Pollutants and other factors in the environment, called triggers, can bring about an asthma attack. Triggers of asthma attack vary from person to person, but common ones include cold air; exercise; allergens such as dust mites, mold, pollen, animal dander, cockroach debris; and some types of viral infections. Read more…
What is Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?
The introduction of high-quality nasal endoscopes has markedly improved intraoperative visualization by the intranasal route. Read more…
Nasal polyps
What are nasal polyps?
Nasal polyps are smooth-surfaced, fleshy masses extending into the nasal cavity. They may arise from the Maxillary sinuses, wherein they are termed as Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) or they may arise from the ethmoid sinuses, when they are termed as ethmoidal polyps. ACP’s are usually a single mass and unilateral whereas ethmoidal polyps are multiple and found in both the nasal cavities. Nasal polyps are easily diagnosed on general head light ENT examination. A CT scan confirms the diagnosis and provides more details of the affected sinuses. It helps in planning the treatment.
What are paranasal sinuses (PNS)?
PNS are mucosal lined air filled cavities in the skull bones adjacent to the nasal cavity and also communicating with this cavity. There are paired and unpaired sinuses. The paired ones are Maxillary sinuses, Ethmoidal sinuses, Frontal sinuses. Spenoidal sinus is unpaired.
What is Sinusitis?
Sinusitis is the result of infection of these paranasal sinuses. There are two types of sinusitis – Acute and Chronic. Acute sinusitis is characterized by definite tenderness over the affected sinuses and profuse purulent nasal discharge. The triad of nasal congestion, facial discomfort and nasal discharge most frequently defines chronic sinusitis. Frequently, not all of the symptoms of chronic sinusitis are present. Read more…
What Is Tonsillitis?
The tonsils are two masses of lymphatic (immune system) tissue located at the back of the throat. They produce antibodies designed to help you fight respiratory infections. They are small at birth and gradually increase in size until age 6 or 7. Then they shrink, but do not disappear. When these tissues themselves become infected, the resulting condition is called tonsillitis. Read more…
What Is Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis, commonly referred to as TB, is a bacterial infection that can spread through the lymph nodes and bloodstream to any organ in your body but is usually found in the lungs. Most people who are exposed to TB actually never develop symptoms. The bacteria can live in an inactive form in the body. Medication can be given to help get rid of the inactive bacteria. However, if the immune system weakens, such as in people with HIV or as we age, the bacteria can activate. In their active state, TB bacteria cause death of tissue in the infected organs, possibly resulting in death. Read more…
WebMD Medical Reference
Influenza — commonly shortened to “the flu” — is an extremely contagious viral disease that appears most frequently in winter and early spring. The infection spreads through the upper respiratory tract and sometimes invades the lungs.
The virus typically sweeps through large groups of people who share indoor space, such as schools, offices, and nursing homes. The global influenza epidemic of 1918 — which started in a military training camp in Kansas — eventually killed about 500,000 people in the United States and more than 20 million worldwide. Read more…
What Is Asthma?
Asthma is a chronic condition affecting the airways of the lungs. The hallmark symptoms of asthma are wheezing and difficulty breathing, but intermittent cough or chest tightness may be the only symptom. These respiratory symptoms usually come in episodes set off by various environmental or emotional “triggers.” Triggers include — but aren’t limited to — chemicals, pollution, pollen, animal dander, exercise and smoke. Read more…
What Is Bronchitis?
ronchitis is a respiratory disease in which the mucous membrane in the lungs’ bronchial passages becomes inflamed. As the irritated membrane swells and grows thicker, it narrows or shuts off the tiny airways in the lungs, resulting in coughing spells accompanied by thick phlegm and breathlessness. The disease comes in two forms: acute (lasting less than 6 weeks) and chronic (reoccurring frequently for more than two years). In addition, people with asthma also experience an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes called asthmatic bronchitis. Read more…
Introduction
A lung abscess happens often in patients who are older, where the immune system is weak and where the normal cough reflexes are modified or suppressed. A common mechanism is aspiration of stomach contents by vomiting and aspiration of part of the vomitus with all the bacteria from the pharynx, or gastrointestinal tract.
Often the first step is that aspiration pneumonia develops and out of this a lung abscess can develop. High risk persons are alcoholics at the height of a drinking bout, patients with severe neurological diseases such as MS, stroke, Alzheimers in stage 3, patients with a coma or patients during major surgery when the patient is paralyzed from a general anesthetic. The bacteria that cause a lung abscess are usually anaerobes that stem from the gastrointestinal tract or from the oral cavity or the pharynx. Read more…
